• An important difference between glucokinase and the other he

  2022-03-16

  

  An important difference between glucokinase and the other hexokinases is that it has a much lower affinity for glucose, such that it is not saturated at physiological blood glucose concentrations (Wilson, 1995, Wilson, 1997, Wilson, 2003, Wilson, 2004, Cárdenas et al., 1998). In addition, glucokinas

• Ghrelin is a brain gut peptide hormone secreted

  2022-03-16

  

  Ghrelin is a brain-gut peptide hormone secreted from the stomach to stimulate food intake by acting on its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). GHSR is expressed throughout the brain and in NPY/AgRP neurons in the ARC (Cowley et al., 2003, Willesen et al., 1999). Ghrelin-expressing

• GLP is released in response to ingestion

  2022-03-16

  

  GLP-1 is released in response to ingestion of nutrients including carbohydrates, protein, and fat. Recent studies aimed at identifying the receptors involved in nutrient stimulated GLP-1 secretion have identified free fatty FR 180204 synthesis receptor 4 (FFA4/GPR120) as a potential 7TM receptor inv

• br Declaration of interest br Acknowledgments br This work w

  2022-03-15

  

  Declaration of interest Acknowledgments This work was supported by grants from the Polish National Science Centre (PRELUDIUM grant no. 2013/11/N/NZ5/00270) and the European Commission FP7 Project Beta-JUDO (grant number 279 153), European Union EIT Health project DeTecT2D, Swedish Diabetes A

• In recent years it was

  2022-03-15

  

  In recent years, it was discovered in animals that certain types of non-apoptotic cell death are strictly dependent on iron and ROS. The term ‘ferroptosis’, derived from the Greek word ‘ptosis’ (falling) and the Latin word ‘ferrum’ (iron), is coined to describe such cell death phenomena. Cytoplasmic

• JMJD C is another JmjC domain protein discovered as a

  2022-03-15

  

  JMJD1C is another JmjC domain protein discovered as a putative oncogene in shRNA screens in MLL-AF9-, HOXA9-, and AML1-ETO-driven AML 40, 41, 42. Depletion of JMJD1C decreased the frequency of LICs by inducing their differentiation and impaired the growth and establishment of leukemia in serial tran

• There have been a few studies investigating the effects

  2022-03-15

  

  There have been a few studies investigating the effects of histamine on mast cells but the majority of these has been on rodent and cultured mast cells (Hofstra et al., 2003, Lippert et al., 2004, Jemima et al., 2014). How representative these systems are of primary human cells is a moot point since

• br Conflict of interest br Introduction Endometriosis is

  2022-03-15

  

  Conflict of interest Introduction Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus, most often in the pelvic peritoneum and ovaries. This disorder affects an estimated 10% of women in the reproductive age group and is basically an estrogen-dependent

• In summary we have designed and explored

  2022-03-15

  

  In summary, we have designed and explored synthetic routes towards novel acylsulfamoyl benzoxaborole-based HCV NS3 protease inhibitors. Interestingly, the resulting, unoptimized P1–P3 and P2–P4 macrocyclic inhibitors were equipotent in an enzyme assay and somewhat less potent in replicon assays, com

• In the H NMR spectrum two

  2022-03-15

  

  In the 1H NMR spectrum two pairs of doublet resonances arising from the protons in the aromatic moiety of the two diastereoisomers can be readily observed around 7.5–7.6 ppm. These resonances can be used to detect and quantify the two diastereoisomers. From the results presented in Fig. 1A it can be

• The crystal structures of plant class ADH

  2022-03-15

  

  The crystal structures of plant class ADH3/GSNOR from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtGSNOR) and Solanum lycopersicum cv. Amateur (SlGSNOR) with bound substrates and cofactors revealed important differences between plant and human enzyme, namely within the substrate-binding pocket. GSNOR are unusually homod

• Two different genes encode GSK isoforms and

  2022-03-15

  

  Two different genes encode GSK-3 isoforms α and β that have very similar catalytic domains but significantly differ in their N- and C-termini. The α and β isoforms split from a common precursor approximately at the emergence of vertebrates, suggesting that at least one of the isoforms took on a new

• Two distinct mechanisms have been described for niacin s mac

  2022-03-15

  

  Two distinct mechanisms have been described for niacin’s macrophage-based actions [21,22]. First, niacin blocks recruitment of macrophages to atherosclerotic lesions. Second, niacin upregulates macrophage ABCA1 and ABCG1, transporters involved in reverse cholesterol transport. Upregulation of choles

• Previously we reported that the

  2022-03-15

  

  Previously, we reported that the inhibition of PKC-ζ and PKC-ε activity in hypertrophic adipocytes had deleterious effects on EPA-induced GPR120-mediated VEGF-A production [12]. However, the activation of PKC-θ, -ζ and -λ can also enhance the phosphorylation of IKK and p65, and facilitate the transl

• br Discussion Our findings indicated that starting ART for

  2022-03-15

  

  Discussion Our findings indicated that starting ART for asymptomatic HIV-infected pregnant women before their CD4 count falls below 500cells/mm3 is beneficial for CD4 normalization (CD4 recovery to 750cells/mm3 or more) in resource-limited settings. Women who started ART at lower baseline CD4 cou

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