• Under some pathological conditions AT R internalization is d

  2025-02-11

  

  Under some pathological conditions, AT1R internalization is decreased when agonist exposure is prolonged. This weakens or removes the AT1R desensitization effect and leads to AT1R and downstream signal overactivation. AT1R overactivation can result in continued biological effects such as sustained v

• br Funding This study was supported by

  2025-02-11

  

  Funding This study was supported by a grant from the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (No. 2014Y2-00181) and the personnel training program of Southern Medical University (No. PY2015N023). Conflict of interest statement Authors’contributions Introduction Chronic cerebral hypo

• merestinib br Conclusions In sum enhanced incentive motivati

  2025-02-11

  

  Conclusions In sum, enhanced incentive motivation in obesity-prone rats is mediated by NAc CP-AMPARs. These neurobehavioral differences may render obesity-susceptible populations more sensitive to the motivational influence of food cues, producing more intense, focused, “wanting” that may limit t

• br Introduction Alcohol i e

  2025-02-11

  

  Introduction Alcohol, i.e., ethanol, is absorbed into the blood from the stomach to the small intestine, then distributed throughout the body. The metabolism of alcohol converting to acetic alk5 basically involves two enzymes; alcohol dehydrogenase converting ethanol to acetaldehyde and aldehyde

• br Does TIPARP contribute to the diverse species sensitivity

  2025-02-10

  

  Does TIPARP contribute to the diverse species sensitivity to TCDD toxicity? In chick embryo hepatocytes TIPARP was reported to mediate the TCDD-dependent suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis, by reducing cellular NAD+ levels and reducing PCK1 expression, suggesting that ADP-ribosylation enhance

• br Results br Discussion The actin cytoskeleton is a

  2025-02-10

  

  Results Discussion The A922500 cytoskeleton is a highly attractive target for many bacterial toxins, owing to its role in activation and locomotion of immune cells, secretion of humoral response factors, and maintenance of protective barriers at the cellular (sub-membrane cytoskeleton) and or

• The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal HPA axis

  2025-02-10

  

  The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a neuroendocrine system that is central to regulating responses to stress (Palazidou, 2012). In older persons, a high dysfunction of the HPA axis is observed (Otte et al., 2005) which may be enhanced by stimulatory effects of genes involved in the axi

• The anorexic effect observed when AR is infused

  2025-02-10

  

  The anorexic effect observed when AR231630 is infused into the VTA could be the result of the DA release inhibition, as previously described [11]. However, there is also a hedonic aspect in feeding that possibly involves dopaminergic mechanisms of reward. Helm et al. showed a functional link between

• br ARIs in the prevention of prostate cancer Prostate

  2025-02-10

  

  5ARIs in the prevention of prostate cancer Prostate cancer continues to be a leading cause of male deaths worldwide. In 2009, it was estimated there would be 192,280 new cases of prostate cancer with a predicted 27,360 deaths [25]. Because androgens, and specifically DHT, play a large role in bot

• br Autophagy at the Synapse The synapse is

  2025-02-10

  

  Autophagy at the Synapse The synapse is a highly specialized neuronal compartment that forms the basic unit of communication between neurons. Communication relies on electrical signals that are propagated down the axon of the presynaptic neuron, where they trigger the quantal release of neurotran

• PTEN mRNA for cancer research Cancer cells manifest characte

  2025-02-10

  

  Cancer PTEN mRNA for cancer research manifest characteristic abnormal growth properties accompanying clonal evolution of cells displaying progressively increasing genomic instability capable of invasion and metastasis to distant organ sites. With the emerging knowledge about the role of known oncog

• As in humans and other mammalians spontaneous activity

  2025-02-10

  

  As in humans and other mammalians spontaneous activity of sinoatrial pacemaker Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate in in the zebrafish heart crucially depends on proper HCN4 channel activity (If) and spontaneous diastolic depolarization [15,81]. Whether Na+/K+-ATPase currents regulate next to phase

• Receptor Subtypes and Their Function Critical Appraisal

  2025-02-10

  

  Receptor Subtypes and Their Function – Critical Appraisal Largely unselective ligands of the benzodiazepine binding site, such as diazepam, are known to elicit a wide range of in vivo effects including hypnosis, sedation, anxiolysis, and muscle relaxation. Genetically modified mice were introduced

• In this review we will present

  2025-02-10

  

  In this review, we will present the traditional and actual strategies to study orphan receptors and identify their ligands. An extensive description of the orphan GPCR field has been published in 2013 by Davenport et al. [22]. Therefore, we will focus on the deorphanizations that were reported since

• Our previous studies and others have identified that the

  2025-02-10

  

  Our previous studies and others have identified that the inhalational anesthetic isoflurane induces neuronal apoptosis via [Ca2+]i overload through the opening of synaptic voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) and the excessive Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (Zhao et al., 2011; Zha

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